DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERCEIVED MATERNAL NARCISSISM SCALE

A mother's pathological narcissistic traits can lead to several adverse childhood experiences. However, there is no measurement tool assess these detrimental effects of maternal narcissism on the child's perception. The current study aims develop and examine psychometric properties Perceived Maternal Narcissism Scale (PMNS). In this article, we conducted three studies with 720 participants. 1 2, developed PMNS evaluated its reliability validity. Both EFA CFA results provided evidence for 25 items a five-factor solution (Lack empathy, grandiosity, criticism, control-manipulation, parentification-exploitation) from Moreover, scores were significantly associated parental attitudes parentification measures. demonstrated good in terms internal consistency test-retest reliability. Finally, 3 obtained children Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 Pathological Inventory their mothers. have shown that valid reliable mothers’ childrens’